Primary Care
Physician perspectives on preventive care, chronic disease management, and evidence-based primary care practice.
Recent Discussions
How do you determine when ongoing outpatient treatment is no longer beneficial, and it may be appropriate to transition a patient to another provider?
To answer this question, I’d want to first set aside the issue of patient abandonment by taking it for granted that any transition would occur in a manner consistent with ethical and legal guidelines (for example, but not exclusively, those set out by the AMA, the literature, and in murky or content...
Do you use IL-1 inhibitors to prevent flares of gout or CPPD in patients who experience flares despite prophylaxis with colchicine, NSAIDs, and/or low-dose prednisone?
I have used IL-1 inhibitors to control gout flares or gout flare recurrences in patients who have been refractory to standard gout flare or gout flare prophylaxis management. Likewise, on extremely rare occasions, I have used an IL-1 inhibitor for recurrent CPPD flares, though with mixed results.The...
Is it worth getting a calcium score on a patient who is already on statin therapy?
Plaque, usually TCFA (thin-capped fibroatheroma), benefits immensely from statin Rx. TCFAs are vulnerable plaques that are highly prone to rupture. The pleiotropic effects of statin Rx allow for plaque stabilization and reduce the vulnerability of the plaque to rupture. Calcification of plaque is a ...
Outside of teplizumab, what therapies do you recommend for preserving beta cell function in patients with early stage type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Teplizumab is indicated to delay the progression of Stage 2 (hyperglycemia short of diabetes and 2 or more positive pancreatic islet cell antibodies) to Stage 3 diabetes--delayed the median time to onset of Stage 3 T1D by about 2 years longer than placebo in Stage 2 patients. I am not aware of stud...
When giving albumin challenge, for acute kidney injury with suspected hepatorenal syndrome, do you administer a single dose daily or split the dose of albumin?
The main concern about albumin infusions is the potential risk for pulmonary edema (China et al., PMID 33657293). Therefore, I prefer to have albumin administered in divided doses of 25 grams at a time with a max daily dose of up to 100 grams, and I tend to stop IV albumin if the serum albumin level...
What approaches have you found most helpful for concurrent severe major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder?
I'm a strong believer in AA for alcoholics, to address the addiction and also the depression, as the social support offered there can be very helpful. A person agreeing to "work the steps" with a sponsor has more in-depth character restructuring and available support than most therapists can provide...
Should all patients with suspected giant cell arteritis get a PET scan to look for large vessel disease?
PET-CT and PET-MRI can be very useful diagnostic modalities in GCA, but I do not recommend universal screening with PET scanning. The upcoming ACR/VF sponsored vasculitis guidelines will likely recommend obtaining non-invasive vascular imaging to evaluate for large vessel involvement, but the recom...
How do you weigh the risks and benefits of GLP-1 RAs in patients over age 65 specifically in regards to loss of muscle mass and osteoporosis?
This is indeed a crucial question: rapid weight loss is accompanied not only by a loss of adipose tissue but also by a loss of lean mass, including muscle and bone tissue. This must therefore be taken into account when making decisions, particularly in patients with osteoporosis, frailty, sarcopenic...
How do you evaluate the etiology of hyponatremia in a patient with ESRD and baseline oliguria/anuria?
In patients with ESRD and baseline oliguria or anuria, hyponatremia has to be approached differently because many of the usual diagnostic and monitoring tools (urine sodium, urine osmolality, urine output) are either unavailable or misleading. The key shift is to think in terms of total body water v...
What lab monitoring and frequency do you recommend in an otherwise healthy young patient on biologics for psoriasis?
Yearly QuantGold testing in low risk patients has been shown to be unnecessary and actually carries a significantly higher risk of false positive than true positive. Unfortunately, many insurers still require yearly testing. I don't know of any data to support any other yearly lab testing for the dr...