Rheumatology
Clinical discussions on autoimmune diseases, biologic therapies, vasculitis, and musculoskeletal conditions.
Recent Discussions
What treatment strategies would you utilize in a patient with newly diagnosed HLA-B27+ axial spondyloarthritis (with active and chronic sacroiliitis on MRI) and recent diagnosis of MS that is well-controlled MS ocrelizumab given the need to avoid TNF inhibitors?
This is a very challenging scenario. On one hand, TNFi are generally unsafe for MS due to demyelination risk, and on the other hand, anti-CD20 therapies for MS are linked to new AxSpA, but B-cell depletion might also benefit AxSpA. Thus, management requires specialized care in balancing both disease...
Would you proceed with renal transplant in a patient with lupus nephritis who has progressed to ESRD and is clinically stable, but has persistently elevated dsDNA and low complements despite appropriate doses of hydroxychloroquine and mycophenolate?
Short answer: Yes—if the patient’s clinical lupus is quiescent for at least 6 months, it is reasonable to proceed with kidney transplantation even in the presence of persistent serologic activity (e.g., low complement, elevated anti-dsDNA).Why this matters: Transplant > Dialysis: Patients with LN-ES...
Would you consider anti-IL-5 therapy (mepolizumab or benralizumab) to either prevent or treat the more severe manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, such as "infiltrative" (e.g., cardiomyopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, or gastroenteritis) or "vasculitic" (e.g., neuropathy, palpable purpura, or glomerulonephritis)?
Yes, I would consider early starting biologics for infiltrative EGPA.
Are there any successful disease modifying therapy for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)?
Therapy for DISH is largely supportive: PT, NSAIDs/pain relievers, and control of contributing metabolic conditions, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle changes; when necessary surgical interventions such as surgical resection of osteophytes and spinal fusion are required.Clinical research in DISH is...
How do you approach DMARD therapy in a patient with lupus and recurrent pericarditis?
Both asymptomatic pericardial effusions and symptomatic pericarditis are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. I will limit my answer to symptomatic pericarditis per the question.The first thing to be sure of is that the symptoms are truly due to pericarditis. The full differential ...
Does treatment with hydroxychloroquine increase the risk of hypertension or exacerbate pre-existing hypertension?
The answer to this question is that it depends. A number of studies have reported improvement of hypertension with hydroxychloroquine. A large population study suggested there is a subpopulation of patients that may experience an increase in blood pressure on hydroxychloroquine, primarily women over...
Do you recommend vasodilators in patients with Raynaud's who have capillary drop out but are otherwise not bothered enough by their symptoms to want to pursue systemic treatment?
I typically do not unless they have had ischemic events in the past (like pitting or ulcers). Unfortunately, we do not have good longitudinal data to support the idea that prophylactically treating patients with vasodilators when they are otherwise minimally symptomatic will have a preventative role...
In a patient with strong serologic evidence of SLE presenting with isolated bilateral lower limb sensorimotor neuropathy, normal neuroimaging, and CSF, would you initiate cyclophosphamide with pulse-dose steroids upfront, or reserve escalation (e.g., plasma exchange or immunosuppressants) for cases refractory to steroids?
This has been a dilemma for me for over several decades.1. There is no good large data to guide us on this question. I do not think there is one correct answer.2. All sensorimotor neuropathies are not created equally. I assume all other causes of sensorimotor polyneuropathy have been ruled out. Howe...
How do you counsel patients about the potential malignancy risk associated with traditional DMARDs?
I discuss with them the slight increase of non-melanoma skin cancer in studies of methotrexate. Otherwise, there is not convincing data of associations between csDMARDs and cancer development.
Do you find 14.3.3 eta or vectra DA helpful in clinical practice?
These blood tests were developed to help diagnose and monitor rheumatoid arthritis.14-3-3 eta is an interesting protein that may have pro-inflammatory properties and could be helpful in diagnosing RA (Maksymowych et al., PMID 25128504), confirmed in a recent meta-analysis to have reasonable diagnost...