Urology
Expert guidance on urologic oncology, stone disease, BPH management, incontinence, and minimally invasive surgical approaches.
Recent Discussions
What factors prompt you to treat enterococcus when isolated in polymicrobial culture from patients with urinary tract infection?
Enterococcus is an organism that I would treat when isolated in a clinically significant positive urine culture, even when polymicrobial. Since Enterococcus produces a biofilm, it can essentially trap other organisms in and be seen in the setting of a polymicrobial infection. In this setting, I woul...
When do you recommend postoperative radiation therapy for a ureter carcinoma?
The role of postoperative radiotherapy for ureteral cancers (and, by extension/association renal pelvis cancers) is controversial. Patients who might stand the most to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy are those with locally advanced disease; unfortunately, these patients have a high risk of distan...
Would you consider a treatment break for a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who achieved a near-complete response to enfortumab?
The answer to this question is highly dependent on the specific clinical context. However, for a patient who has a deep and durable response to enfortumab vedotin monotherapy and has been on treatment for a prolonged period of time (again context-dependent, but at least a few months), I think it is ...
What would be the next step if a patient’s serum testosterone remains above 40 several weeks after the initial dose of a GnRH agent in the treatment of prostate cancer?
Real-world data show that approximately 3-7% of patients experience breakthroughs above 40 ng/dL per patient course, while 6.6% experience breakthroughs above 32 ng/mL (1.1 nmol/L). When using the lower threshold of 20 ng/dL (0.7 nmol/L), breakthrough rates increase to approximately 41%. One large r...
For patients undergoing bladder preservation therapy with trimodal therapy, how do you manage the urinary urgency and frequency during and after treatment?
This can be a difficult problem to manage because I try to avoid treatment interruption if at all possible, which is different from my approach in patients with prostate cancer, where treatment interruption is a safe and effective alternative. In patients with bladder cancer, the first thing I will ...
Would you recommend a diuretic renogram prior to planned unilateral nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in a patient with normal kidney sizes bilaterally?
This is more a urological question than a nephrological one. If renal function and kidney sizes are normal, then I am not sure I would, unless there is an option of doing a partial nephrectomy. Not sure how that would change management.
How do you evaluate and manage incidental urinary retention in hospitalized patients?
Another great question. First, we need to confirm the presence of urinary retention (>300 ml on postvoid residual [PVR] bladder scan is considered clinically significant to continue evaluating for common reversible causes, such as medications, structural abnormalities, presence of constipation, feca...
Do you recommend 24 hour urine stone risk studies for patients with no history of nephrolithiasis who are undergoing evaluation as potential kidney donors?
We ask all donors if they have had a history of kidney stones. All donors also get a CT angiogram of the abdomen. Patients with a stone history will need a 24-hour urine stone risk profile. If a donor has an incidental single stone, we may still allow donation, but we would ask for a 24 stone profil...
How will the results of NRG GU006 and the use of the PAM50 genomic classifier impact treatment for recurrent prostate cancer?
Top line results: The prostate cancer-adapted PAM50 gene expression biomarker was validated in the NRG GU006 randomized trial to predict the differential benefit of hormone therapy, specifically apalutamide monotherapy, for patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy being tr...
How do the results of KEYNOTE-B15/EV-304 influence your preferred treatment for cisplatin eligible MIBC?
The management of urothelial cancer has undergone major changes in the last decade.We have seen a number of new drugs approved for relapsed BCG-refractory superficial bladder cancer. Additionally, we have seen a number of new approaches for the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) or ...