For patients with early stage T1/T2 N0 low rectal cancers who are not candidates for transanal surgery and decline APR due to ostomy, would you offer chemoRT followed by surveillance or chemoRT, then a course of chemotherapy followed by surveillance?

This rectal cancer patient obviously has very limited options since transanal surgery and APR are off-the-table. In our clinic, we have similar situations from time to time but most of the time is that the patients who have T3 or N+ rectal cancer decline an APR.

Since the patient has active tumor in...